http://www.salem-wiki.com/mediawiki/ind ... :ArtifactsProduction adds to all other civilian activities(listed below)
Mining - affects purity of ore boulders your dig out (and speed with which you mine out boulders i think)
Weaving - lets you make clothes faster (totally useless atm.)
Woodworking - makes you chop trees down faster/chop logs faster. Won't make you cut boards faster though.
Culinary - speeds up food making. (seems pretty useless(at least to me) if you ain't spam making like 50-100+ foods at a time)
As for combat:
common combat power - add powers to every attack
common combat def - add defense against any attack
^those 2 are kinda like production for civilian
Feral defense - defense against animals
As for other combat artifacts power/def. To know what adds to what just hover mouse over your attack. It'll tell you attack type of said move. So basically to boost dmg of that move you'll have to slot corresponding combat type artifact.