As a little side note to TbF, something that I have seen in other places and that actually works, and that encourages both parties, the raiding and the defending, to actually meet:
1.) Allow any town major to simply set a time at which his peoples prime time is, and at which time they are willing to defend.
(1.a) accessable only through the bell, or over the town menu, or both, whatever is easiest to implement)
(1.b) note: time is always in server time, current server time should be displayed where this option can be set, so it is always clear which time is meant)
(1.c) default time set is time of bell completion, if that is not possible to determine for existing bells, chose a random number, and leave it to the vigilant townspeople to correct at their earliest convenience^^)
2.) Instead of plain 24h, a TbF becomes active at the next time where a.) the attacked towns time is set, and b.) at least 24h have passed, maybe 20h, maybe 18h, I leave that to field tests and the devs liking^^
3.) Put a big fat timer above both the town bell and the TbF, ticking down, so everyone can see it from a distance. Such a display of incoming danger, of fear and anticipation, is surely something that is missing here.
4.) The town that "matters" is always the oldest town inside the TbFs field of effect, if there is more than one town, the oldest towns set time counts for all of them.
("Being inside the field of the TbF" means being inside with any part of the towns claim, no matter how small or large.)
5.) The TbF becomes invulnerable 1h after creation.
6.) Everything inside the TbFs field of effect and the TbF itself become vulnerable only at the moment the timer (see 1. and 2. and 3.) runs out, not earlier.