Therefore, if there are other things and questions that are related to this and I forgot, feel free to add them!

Note: If you group with someone, they have your rights as long as you are in a group with them, so be careful with that!
Also note:
- The checkable right "manage claims" allows anyone who has it, to destroy the townbell right away, be careful with that!
- Letting the townbell run out of authority (silver) enables anyone who has the necessary skills learned, to become mayor if there is currently no mayor, even not-town-members can do that!
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- Through a stealthy patch already some months ago, ALL authority objects (town bell, boundry stone, cross) are destroyable even when payed, all it needs is a waste claim (TBF)!
I.) pClaims and tClaims
1.) What is the general implication of using pClaims within a tClaim?
- It gives means to define "private" area within a town.
- Trespassing a tclaim is no crime, on a pclaim it is.
- Commiting waste (like, breaking walls) on a pclaim without permission is a crime and triggers defense, even if the pclaim is in a town where the attacker is full member.
- Pclaim permissions supersede tclaim permissions.
2.) For defense, if a brazier is both on a pClaim and tClaim, would it react to crimes that are inside the tClaim but outside the pClaim?
- It used to be different, but now braziers (and torchposts) should react to and punish all crimes regardless of where they are and where the crime was committed (if it was a crime = on claimed land and without permission).
3.) What is the answer to the opposite setup of the above question? - Brazier on tClaim but not on pClaim, crime happens on pClaim inside tClaim?
- See I.2.
4.) Does the setting "Claim private land" inside the town management allows to claim new land only, and/or extend existing pClaims owned by that citizen?
- Allows to set up a pClaim inside the town
- Allows to extend your own pClaim(s) inside the town area, without that skill you can NOT extend your own pClaim, so after having someone set up his pClaim, taking away that right prevents any further adjustment to the pClaim.
5.) What exactly allows the setting "Manage claims"? - extend existing claims, declaim, make new claims, extend the town claim with borderstones, ...?
- Manage claims allows to:
- remove pClaims whose claimstones are on the tClaim
- destroy the townbell with "destroy" action (!) (!) (!)
- build boundry stones and cross of st george
6.) Does "assign permissions" allow you to assign permissions that you do not have yourself? Does it allow you to assign new permissions to yourself?
- Does allow to assign and take away all permissions from everyone, you can not directly assign permissions to yourself though, but could with an alt.
7.) Can town members access the, or do anything on a pClaim they have no permission for, does this differ for trial/fully/mayor-members?
- The pclaim supersedes the tclaim, if they have appropriate permissions though, they could de-claim/remove the pclaim.
8.) If you group invite somone and you have a pClaim on the town, would that someone be able to use waste inside your pClaim? (...like bash the towns walls without causing crime if the pClaim covers those walls?)
- Yes, so be very careful, as always in salem!
II.) tClaim general things
1.) What rights do trial citizens have?
- They seem to have everything except waste. (and those check-able rights)
2.) What rights do full citizens have without any "checked" rights in town management?
- All rights including waste, except for those not checked.
3.) Is there any way to manage the right for "waste" actions on a tClaim? (I think the options in the management don't do that...)
- It seems the only "option" of control here is the trial/full membership, as well as pclaims, who do not forbid waste though but only render it a crime to do so (depending on rights given).
III.) pClaim general things
1.) Is it advisable to use pClaims inside tClaims, and why?
- Yes it is!
- There is apparently no downside to it, except for the cost of the pclaim
- It provides means to distribute area to individuals, or improve defense
2.) What would be an indication to not use pClaims inside tClaims?
- Cost
- "Equality" for all members
- It would prohibit non-members from entering, so it might not go well with the (dangerous) concepts of an "open town" or an "open trading area".
3.) What would be a reason to use pClaims inside tClaims?
- Security, rights management
- Defensive advantages
And important conclusion I draw from these infos is, that it is highly advisable to have a single pclaim cover ALL the town area AND extend over your walls by +1, this way, if someone were to lay siege to your town, he would need to commit trespassing before he can start beating at your walls, which then causes additional BB (black bile) drain, which adds up with braziers/TPs.
Furthermore it seems that this security measure is in contradiction to using pclaims for distribution and management of space inside a tclaim for individual members, as you (iirc) can't have pclaims next to each other, there needs to be a small gap in between. (Please correct me if I am wrong with this!)
Did I forget anything important, or even have errors in here? - If so, then tell me!
If there are things/question/statements that should be added here, tell me!