I'm not sure if that has been reported before: While I was studying something a snake poisoned me. I ran home and got some antidote with still at least 8 or 9 BB, ate something to refill my BB. After a few moments while going on with normal play I realized my BB was now at 5 and my food had not only not raised BB but it wasn't even stopping to drop.
I ate more but still no result, my BB kept dropping, the food visible in the bar as grey but otherwise having no effect. I could not stop the learning of course and tried to add some inspirational to get one studying bar full. But because my BB was at 1.3 bzt that time it barely did anything for studying - but kept dropping. I logged out and back in and suddenly my BB was raising quickly.
Ps: That happened with the Ender client so not sure if the same is true with the official one.